Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench subsp. bicolor) plantlets risogenesis produced in the first two weeks of caryopsis germination on filter paper or in vitro


Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench subsp. bicolor) plantlets risogenesis produced in the first two weeks of caryopsis germination on filter paper or in vitro

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Title: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench subsp. bicolor) plantlets risogenesis produced in the first two weeks of caryopsis germination on filter paper or in vitro
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Article_Title: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench subsp. bicolor) plantlets risogenesis produced in the first two weeks of caryopsis germination on filter paper or in vitro
Authors: Iulian O. Stana, Dorina Cachiță – Cosma, Valentin C. Mihali
Affiliation: ”Vasile Goldis” West University of Arad, România
Institute of Life Sience, ”Vasile Goldis” West University of Arad, România
Abstract: In this study, we used sorghum caryopsis (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor) to investigate the reaction process of embryo, and subsequent growth of the seedlings organs during germinațion, as took place on filter paper or under vitroculture conditions, subjected to natural light or white fluorescent light illumination. The root system formation of sorghum is a complex phenomenon, and interestingly, we have found that a red pigmentation appears in some zones of the root. In this paper, we report a comprehensive morphological study of this process. We have found the red pigment to be located in the vacuolar juice of rizodermals cells or in the hypodermis, and occasionally, it is seen in some cortical parenchyma cells of radicles, or the endoderm. The identified red pigments are featuring characteristics like anthocyanins, whose roles in root system formation are not known.
Keywords: Sorghum, risogenesis, radilcles, lenght, pigmentation
References: Awika J.M., Rooney L.W., and Waniska, R.D. Anthocyanins from black sorghum and their antioxidant properties. Food Chem. 90: pp. 293-301, 2005.
Berenji J., Dahlberg J., Perspectives of sorghum in Europe. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 190, 332-8. Inst Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, YU-21000, Novi Sad, Serbia And Montenegro, Yugoslavia, 2004.
Butler, L.G., The nature and amelioration of the antinutritional effects of tannins in sorghum grain. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sorghum Nutritional Quality, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Purdue University. Feb 26–March 1, pp 191–205, 1990.
Chung K.-T., Tit Y.W., Cheng I.W., Yao-Wen H., Yuan L., Tannins and human health: a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 38 (6), pp. 421–464, 1998.
Dykes L., Rooney L.D., Waniska R.D., Rooney W.L., Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of sorghum grains of varying genotypes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: pp. 6813-6818, 2005.
Earp C.P., Rooney L.W., Scanning electron microscopy of the pericarpand testa of several sorghum varieties. Food Microsctructure vol. 1, pp. 125, 1982.
Frank H.Q., Paulo F.M.Jr., Carolina V-G., Daniel R., Rita F.R., Adilson A.F., Palmira F.S., and António L.M., Photochemistry of anthocyanins and their biological role in plant tissues, Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 81, No. 9, pp. 1687–1694, 2009.
Goldstein J., Newbury D. E., Joy D.C., Lyman C.E., Echlin P., Lifshin E., Sawyer L., Michael J.R., Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, Springer, 2003.
Hagerman A.E., Riedl K.M., Jones G.A., Sovik K.N., Ritchard N.T., Hartzfield P.W. and Riechel T.L., High molecular weight plant polyphenolics (tannins) as biological antioxidants. J. Agric. Food Chem 46: pp. 1887-1892, 1998.
Hahn D.H., Rooney L.W. and Earp C.F., Tannins and phenols of sorghum. Cereal Foods World 29: pp.776-779, 1984.
Hahn, D.H., Rooney, L.W., Effects of genotype on tannins and phenols of sorghum. Cereal Chemistry 63, 4–8, 1986.
Hayat M.A., Principles and techniques electron microscopy. Biological Appl. Fourth Ed., Ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000.
Isaacson C., The change of the staple diet of black South Africans from sorghum to maize (corn) is the cause of the epidemic of squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus. Medical Hypotheses, 64, pp. 658–660, 2005.
Kay D., Techniques for electron microscopy, Second Ed., Blackwell Sci. Publ. Oxford, 1967.
Lev-Yadun S., Gould K.S., Role of anthocyanins in plant defence. In Anthocyanins: Biosynthesis, Functions, and Applications, GouldK., DaviesK., WinefieldC., eds (New York: Springer), pp. 21–48, 2009.
Ploaie P., Petre Z., Introducerea în microscopia electronică cu aplicații în biologia celulară și moleculară. Ed. Acad., Bucuresti, 1979.
Quina, F.H., Moreira Júnior P.F., Vautier-Giongo C., Rettori D., Rodrigues R.F., Freitas A.A., Silva P.F., Maçanita A. L., Photochemistry of anthocyanins and their biological role in plant tissues. Pure and Applied Chemistry81: 1687–1694, 2009.
Rooney L.W. and Miller F.R., Variation in the structure and kernel characteristics of sorghum. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sorghum Grain Quality, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India (Rooney, L.W., and Murty, D.S., eds.), 28–31 October, pp. 143, 1982.
Rooney L.W. and Serna-Saldivar S., Sorghum. In Handbook of cereal science and technology. Second edition (Kulp, K., and Ponte, J., eds.). New York, USA: Marcel- Dekker, Inc. pp 149–175, 2000.
Stana I.O., Cachiţă – Cosma D., Mihali V.C., Morpho-anatomic transformation of the sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor) embryo, in the first days of germination, Studia Universitatis “Vasile Goldiş”, Seria Ştiinţele Vieţii Vol. 21, issue 4, pp. 751-760, 2011.
Waniska R.D., Structure, phenolic compounds, and antifungal proteins of sorghum caryopses. In Technical and institutional options for sorghum grain mold management: proceedings of an international consultation, ICRISAT, 18-19 May, pp 72-106, 2000.
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Article Title: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench subsp. bicolor) plantlets risogenesis produced in the first two weeks of caryopsis germination on filter paper or in vitro
Authors: Iulian O. Stana, Dorina Cachiță – Cosma, Valentin C. Mihali
Affiliation: ”Vasile Goldis” West University of Arad, România
Institute of Life Sience, ”Vasile Goldis” West University of Arad, România
Abstract: In this study, we used sorghum caryopsis (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor) to investigate the reaction process of embryo, and subsequent growth of the seedlings organs during germinațion, as took place on filter paper or under vitroculture conditions, subjected to natural light or white fluorescent light illumination. The root system formation of sorghum is a complex phenomenon, and interestingly, we have found that a red pigmentation appears in some zones of the root. In this paper, we report a comprehensive morphological study of this process. We have found the red pigment to be located in the vacuolar juice of rizodermals cells or in the hypodermis, and occasionally, it is seen in some cortical parenchyma cells of radicles, or the endoderm. The identified red pigments are featuring characteristics like anthocyanins, whose roles in root system formation are not known.
Keywords: Sorghum, risogenesis, radilcles, lenght, pigmentation
References: Awika J.M., Rooney L.W., and Waniska, R.D. Anthocyanins from black sorghum and their antioxidant properties. Food Chem. 90: pp. 293-301, 2005.
Berenji J., Dahlberg J., Perspectives of sorghum in Europe. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 190, 332-8. Inst Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, YU-21000, Novi Sad, Serbia And Montenegro, Yugoslavia, 2004.
Butler, L.G., The nature and amelioration of the antinutritional effects of tannins in sorghum grain. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sorghum Nutritional Quality, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Purdue University. Feb 26–March 1, pp 191–205, 1990.
Chung K.-T., Tit Y.W., Cheng I.W., Yao-Wen H., Yuan L., Tannins and human health: a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 38 (6), pp. 421–464, 1998.
Dykes L., Rooney L.D., Waniska R.D., Rooney W.L., Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of sorghum grains of varying genotypes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: pp. 6813-6818, 2005.
Earp C.P., Rooney L.W., Scanning electron microscopy of the pericarpand testa of several sorghum varieties. Food Microsctructure vol. 1, pp. 125, 1982.
Frank H.Q., Paulo F.M.Jr., Carolina V-G., Daniel R., Rita F.R., Adilson A.F., Palmira F.S., and António L.M., Photochemistry of anthocyanins and their biological role in plant tissues, Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 81, No. 9, pp. 1687–1694, 2009.
Goldstein J., Newbury D. E., Joy D.C., Lyman C.E., Echlin P., Lifshin E., Sawyer L., Michael J.R., Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, Springer, 2003.
Hagerman A.E., Riedl K.M., Jones G.A., Sovik K.N., Ritchard N.T., Hartzfield P.W. and Riechel T.L., High molecular weight plant polyphenolics (tannins) as biological antioxidants. J. Agric. Food Chem 46: pp. 1887-1892, 1998.
Hahn D.H., Rooney L.W. and Earp C.F., Tannins and phenols of sorghum. Cereal Foods World 29: pp.776-779, 1984.
Hahn, D.H., Rooney, L.W., Effects of genotype on tannins and phenols of sorghum. Cereal Chemistry 63, 4–8, 1986.
Hayat M.A., Principles and techniques electron microscopy. Biological Appl. Fourth Ed., Ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000.
Isaacson C., The change of the staple diet of black South Africans from sorghum to maize (corn) is the cause of the epidemic of squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus. Medical Hypotheses, 64, pp. 658–660, 2005.
Kay D., Techniques for electron microscopy, Second Ed., Blackwell Sci. Publ. Oxford, 1967.
Lev-Yadun S., Gould K.S., Role of anthocyanins in plant defence. In Anthocyanins: Biosynthesis, Functions, and Applications, GouldK., DaviesK., WinefieldC., eds (New York: Springer), pp. 21–48, 2009.
Ploaie P., Petre Z., Introducerea în microscopia electronică cu aplicații în biologia celulară și moleculară. Ed. Acad., Bucuresti, 1979.
Quina, F.H., Moreira Júnior P.F., Vautier-Giongo C., Rettori D., Rodrigues R.F., Freitas A.A., Silva P.F., Maçanita A. L., Photochemistry of anthocyanins and their biological role in plant tissues. Pure and Applied Chemistry81: 1687–1694, 2009.
Rooney L.W. and Miller F.R., Variation in the structure and kernel characteristics of sorghum. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sorghum Grain Quality, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India (Rooney, L.W., and Murty, D.S., eds.), 28–31 October, pp. 143, 1982.
Rooney L.W. and Serna-Saldivar S., Sorghum. In Handbook of cereal science and technology. Second edition (Kulp, K., and Ponte, J., eds.). New York, USA: Marcel- Dekker, Inc. pp 149–175, 2000.
Stana I.O., Cachiţă – Cosma D., Mihali V.C., Morpho-anatomic transformation of the sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor) embryo, in the first days of germination, Studia Universitatis “Vasile Goldiş”, Seria Ştiinţele Vieţii Vol. 21, issue 4, pp. 751-760, 2011.
Waniska R.D., Structure, phenolic compounds, and antifungal proteins of sorghum caryopses. In Technical and institutional options for sorghum grain mold management: proceedings of an international consultation, ICRISAT, 18-19 May, pp 72-106, 2000.
*Correspondence: