Initiation of Opuntia fragilis var. fragilis in vitro cultures

Initiation of Opuntia fragilis var. fragilis in vitro cultures

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Title: Initiation of Opuntia fragilis var. fragilis in vitro cultures
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Article_Title: Initiation of Opuntia fragilis var. fragilis in vitro cultures
Authors: Teodora Iuliana Vidican1, Dorina Cachita-Cosma2
Affiliation: 1 University of Oradea, Romania
2 Vasile Goldis Western University Arad, Romania
Abstract: Opuntia is one of the most widespread and important cactus, primarily due to their edible fruit and vegetable mass used as feed. Moreover, species of genus Opuntia are used successfully in combating desertification of land at an arid climate. Demand for young plants of Opuntia made it necessary to find a rapid method of multiplication of the cactus, the safest method consisting in vitro micropropagation of species belonging to this genus. To establish a vitroculture of Opuntia fragilis var. fragilis from mother plants grown in greenhouses, we have taken explants from cladodes level who have been fragmented into segments of 1 / 1 cm, 0.5 cm thick, which were placed on agarized medium culture, with macro-elements and Murashige-Skoog (1962) FeEDTA, Heller (1953) microelements, by adding sucrose, vitamins, m-inositol and growth regulators or with 1 mg / l BA (bensiladenine), with 1mg / l AIB (β-indolilbutiric acid) or mixed – equal parts – between these growth hormones. Vitrocultures evolution was followed for 90 days. Explants reaction was different depending on the nature of growth regulators present in the medium culture. Finally, it appeared that, inocules of Opuntia fragilis var. fragilis showed a caulogenesis phenomenon in the medium BM-MS variant, with the addition of 1 mg/l BA and for risogenesis the variant medium culture MB-MS, with the addition of 1 mg/l AIB. Using a mixture of 1 mg/l BA with 1 mg/l AIB, has proved to be beneficial in the micropropagation of this species; calusogenesis has been not observed in any of the tested variants.
Keywords: cactuses, vitrocultures
References: Cachiţă C.D., Deliu C., Rakosy-Tican L.,Ardelean A., 2004, Tratat de biotehnologie vegetală, vol. I, Ed. Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, pp. 29-196.
Casas A., Barbera G.; 2002, Mesoamerican domestication and diffusion. In: Cacti: Biology and Uses, P. S. Nobel [ed.], University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, pp. 143–162.
Copăcescu V. S., Cactuşii, monografie; Ed. Ceres, Bucuresti, 2001, pp. 30-44.
El Gamri T., 2004, Prospects and Constraints of Desert Agriculture: Lessons from West Omdurman, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 99, pp. 57–73.
Escobar, H.A., Villalobos, V.M., Villegas A., 1986, Opuntia micropropagation by axillary proliferation, Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 7, pp. 269–277.
Felger R. S., 1979, Ancient crops for the twenty-first century. In: New Agricultural Crops, G. A. Ritchie [ed.], American Association for the Advancement of Science Symposium, vol. 38,. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA, pp. 5–20.
Flores-Valdez C. A., 1994, „Nopalitos” production, processing and marketing. In: Agroecology cultivation and uses of cactus pear „FAO International Technical Cooperation Network on Cactus Pear”., Barbera et al., (ed.). pp. 92-99.
Griffith M. P., 2001a, A new Chihuahuan Desert prickly pear, Opuntia x rooneyi. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 73, pp. 307-310.
Griffith M. P., 2001b, Experimental hybridization in northern Chihuahuan desert region Opuntia, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 20, pp. 37-42.
Heller R., 1953 – Rescherches sur la nutrition minérale des tissus végétaux cultives in vitro. Ann.Sci. Nat. Bot. Veg. Ser.,II, pp.1.
Johnson, J.L., Emino, E.R., 1979, In vitro propagation of Mammillaria elongata. Hort Science, 14(5),pp. 605-606.
Juarezi, M.C., Passera, C.B., 2002, In vitro propagation of Opuntia ellisiana Griff. and acclimatization to field conditions, Biocell, 26, pp. 319–324.
Kiesling R., 1998, Origen, domesticación y distribución de Opuntia ficus-indica. Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 3; Online at http://www.jpacd.org/contents1998.htm
Kluge M., Ting I. P., 1978, Crassulacean acid metabolism: an ecological analysis, Ecological Studies series, vol. 30. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany , pp. 629-655.
Le Houerou, H.N., 2000, Utilization of fodder trees and shrubs in the arid and semiarid zones of west Asia and North, Africa. Arid soil Res. and Rehabilitation, 14, pp. 101-135.
Murashige T.,Shoog F., 1962, A revised medium for rapid growth and biossays with tabacco tissue cultures, Physiol. Plant., 15, pp. 473 – 497.
Nobel P. S., 1994, Remarkable agaves and cacti, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA, pp.73-83.
Nobel P. S., [ed.] 2002, Cacti:Bbiology and Uses. University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, pp. 262-265.
Nobel P. S., Barrera E. De, Beilman D. W., Doherty J. H., Zutta B. R., 2002 Temperature limitations for cultivation of edible cacti in California, Madroño 49, pp. 228-236.
Pinkava D. J., 2002, On the evolution of continental North American Opuntioideae, Succulent, Plant Research 6, pp. 59-98.
Russell, C.E., Felker P., 1987, The prickly pears (Opuntia spp): a source of human and animal food in semiarid regions, Econ. Botany 41, pp. 433-445.
Rubluo A, Reyes J, Rodriguez-Garay B, Pimienta-Barrios E, Brunner I., 1996, Métodos de propagación biotecnológicos y convencionales en cactáceas para zonas áridas, In: Técnicas Convencionales y Biotecnológicas para la Propagación de Plantas de Zonas Áridas,( Izquierdo J, Palomino G (eds). Santiago) Chile, Vol 9, pp. 345.
Smith R.H., Burdick J.P., Anthony J., and Reilley A.A., 1991, In vitro propagation of Coryphantha macromeris, Agroforestry System, 18, pp.107-148.
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Correspondence: Teodora Vidican, University of Oradea, Romania, E-mail: iuliateodora68@yahoo.com

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Article Title: Initiation of Opuntia fragilis var. fragilis in vitro cultures
Authors: Teodora Iuliana Vidican1, Dorina Cachita-Cosma2
Affiliation: 1 University of Oradea, Romania
2 Vasile Goldis Western University Arad, Romania
Abstract: Opuntia is one of the most widespread and important cactus, primarily due to their edible fruit and vegetable mass used as feed. Moreover, species of genus Opuntia are used successfully in combating desertification of land at an arid climate. Demand for young plants of Opuntia made it necessary to find a rapid method of multiplication of the cactus, the safest method consisting in vitro micropropagation of species belonging to this genus. To establish a vitroculture of Opuntia fragilis var. fragilis from mother plants grown in greenhouses, we have taken explants from cladodes level who have been fragmented into segments of 1 / 1 cm, 0.5 cm thick, which were placed on agarized medium culture, with macro-elements and Murashige-Skoog (1962) FeEDTA, Heller (1953) microelements, by adding sucrose, vitamins, m-inositol and growth regulators or with 1 mg / l BA (bensiladenine), with 1mg / l AIB (β-indolilbutiric acid) or mixed – equal parts – between these growth hormones. Vitrocultures evolution was followed for 90 days. Explants reaction was different depending on the nature of growth regulators present in the medium culture. Finally, it appeared that, inocules of Opuntia fragilis var. fragilis showed a caulogenesis phenomenon in the medium BM-MS variant, with the addition of 1 mg/l BA and for risogenesis the variant medium culture MB-MS, with the addition of 1 mg/l AIB. Using a mixture of 1 mg/l BA with 1 mg/l AIB, has proved to be beneficial in the micropropagation of this species; calusogenesis has been not observed in any of the tested variants.
Keywords: cactuses, vitrocultures
References: Cachiţă C.D., Deliu C., Rakosy-Tican L.,Ardelean A., 2004, Tratat de biotehnologie vegetală, vol. I, Ed. Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, pp. 29-196.
Casas A., Barbera G.; 2002, Mesoamerican domestication and diffusion. In: Cacti: Biology and Uses, P. S. Nobel [ed.], University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, pp. 143–162.
Copăcescu V. S., Cactuşii, monografie; Ed. Ceres, Bucuresti, 2001, pp. 30-44.
El Gamri T., 2004, Prospects and Constraints of Desert Agriculture: Lessons from West Omdurman, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 99, pp. 57–73.
Escobar, H.A., Villalobos, V.M., Villegas A., 1986, Opuntia micropropagation by axillary proliferation, Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. 7, pp. 269–277.
Felger R. S., 1979, Ancient crops for the twenty-first century. In: New Agricultural Crops, G. A. Ritchie [ed.], American Association for the Advancement of Science Symposium, vol. 38,. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA, pp. 5–20.
Flores-Valdez C. A., 1994, „Nopalitos” production, processing and marketing. In: Agroecology cultivation and uses of cactus pear „FAO International Technical Cooperation Network on Cactus Pear”., Barbera et al., (ed.). pp. 92-99.
Griffith M. P., 2001a, A new Chihuahuan Desert prickly pear, Opuntia x rooneyi. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 73, pp. 307-310.
Griffith M. P., 2001b, Experimental hybridization in northern Chihuahuan desert region Opuntia, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 20, pp. 37-42.
Heller R., 1953 – Rescherches sur la nutrition minérale des tissus végétaux cultives in vitro. Ann.Sci. Nat. Bot. Veg. Ser.,II, pp.1.
Johnson, J.L., Emino, E.R., 1979, In vitro propagation of Mammillaria elongata. Hort Science, 14(5),pp. 605-606.
Juarezi, M.C., Passera, C.B., 2002, In vitro propagation of Opuntia ellisiana Griff. and acclimatization to field conditions, Biocell, 26, pp. 319–324.
Kiesling R., 1998, Origen, domesticación y distribución de Opuntia ficus-indica. Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 3; Online at http://www.jpacd.org/contents1998.htm
Kluge M., Ting I. P., 1978, Crassulacean acid metabolism: an ecological analysis, Ecological Studies series, vol. 30. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany , pp. 629-655.
Le Houerou, H.N., 2000, Utilization of fodder trees and shrubs in the arid and semiarid zones of west Asia and North, Africa. Arid soil Res. and Rehabilitation, 14, pp. 101-135.
Murashige T.,Shoog F., 1962, A revised medium for rapid growth and biossays with tabacco tissue cultures, Physiol. Plant., 15, pp. 473 – 497.
Nobel P. S., 1994, Remarkable agaves and cacti, Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA, pp.73-83.
Nobel P. S., [ed.] 2002, Cacti:Bbiology and Uses. University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, pp. 262-265.
Nobel P. S., Barrera E. De, Beilman D. W., Doherty J. H., Zutta B. R., 2002 Temperature limitations for cultivation of edible cacti in California, Madroño 49, pp. 228-236.
Pinkava D. J., 2002, On the evolution of continental North American Opuntioideae, Succulent, Plant Research 6, pp. 59-98.
Russell, C.E., Felker P., 1987, The prickly pears (Opuntia spp): a source of human and animal food in semiarid regions, Econ. Botany 41, pp. 433-445.
Rubluo A, Reyes J, Rodriguez-Garay B, Pimienta-Barrios E, Brunner I., 1996, Métodos de propagación biotecnológicos y convencionales en cactáceas para zonas áridas, In: Técnicas Convencionales y Biotecnológicas para la Propagación de Plantas de Zonas Áridas,( Izquierdo J, Palomino G (eds). Santiago) Chile, Vol 9, pp. 345.
Smith R.H., Burdick J.P., Anthony J., and Reilley A.A., 1991, In vitro propagation of Coryphantha macromeris, Agroforestry System, 18, pp.107-148.
*Correspondence: Teodora Vidican, University of Oradea, Romania, E-mail: iuliateodora68@yahoo.com