Correlation between malocclusion – oral habits – and socio-economic factors

Correlation between malocclusion – oral habits – and socio-economic factors

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Title: Correlation between malocclusion – oral habits – and socio-economic factors
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Article_Title: Correlation between malocclusion – oral habits – and socio-economic factors
Authors: Delia-Elena Daragiu, Doina Lucia Ghergic
Affiliation: “Titu Maiorescu” University, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Abstract: Objectives: The purpose was to investigate the prevalence and the association between socioeconomic factors and the children malocclusions and oral habits. Materials and methods: The population for this study comprised 30 children (17 girls and 13 boys) from Bucharest and rural area near Bucharest. The dental examination was carried out using criteria identifying the presence and type of malocclusion and a face-to-face structured interview conducted with children’s mothers or guardians. Results: Investigating the prevalence of malocclusion we observed that 66.66% (20 patients) were class II, 20% (6 patients) were Class I malocclusion, 13.33% (4 patients) class III malocclusion. From class II malocclusion – class II div. 1 (40%) and class II div.2 (26.66%). Among patients with class II div. 1-75% had oral habits. Most parents were NOT prepared to pay for their children’s orthodontic treatment (60 %).  Conclusions: Class II malocclusion is the most frequent, especially class II div.1. There is a strong relation between malocclusion and oral habits- 75%. From the socioeconomic point of view: low income is frequently associated with malocclusion.
Keywords: malocclusion, oral habits, socio-economic factors
References: Adler NE, Boyce T, Chesney MA, Cohen S, Folkman S, Kahn RL, Syme SL. Socioeconomic status and health: the challenge of the gradient. Am Psychol. 1994;49:15-24.
Bennett ME, Michaels C, O’Brien K, Weyant R, Phillips C, Vig KD. Measuring beliefs about orthodontic treatment: A questionnaire approach. J Pub Health Dent 1997; 57: 215-223.
Bergstrom K, Halling A, Huggare J. Orthodontic treatment demand- differences between urban and rural areas. Community Dent Health 1998; 15: 272-276.
Chaiana Piovesan, José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes, Renata Saraiva Guedes and Thiago Machado Ardenghi) , Impact of socioeconomic and clinical factors on child oral health-related quality of life (COHRQoL), Qual Life Res. 2010 Nov;19(9):1359-66. Epub 2010 Jun 24.
Dugoni AA. Futures demands for dental care. Am J Orthod 1986; 89: 520-521.
Egermark I, Magnusson T, Carlsson GE. A 20-year follow-up of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and malocclusions in subjects with and without orthodontic treatment in childhood. AngleOrthod 2003; 73: 109-115.
Espeland LV, Gronlund G, Stenvik A. Concern for dental appearance among Norwegian young adults in region with low uptake of orthodontic treatment. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993; 21: 151-157
Frohlich KL, Potvin L. Transcending the known in public health practice. The Inequality Paradox: The Population Approach and Vulnerable Populations. Am J Public Health. 2008;98:216-221.
Gratrix D, Holloway P J. Factors of deprivation associated with dental caries in young children. Community Dent Health. 1994;11:66-70.
Gravely JF. A study of need and demand for orthodontic treatment in two contrasting National Health Service regions. Br J Orthod 1990; 17: 287-292.
Hart KH, Bishop JA, Truby H. An investigation into school children’s knowledge and awareness of food and nutrition. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2002;15:129-140.
Hirst L. Awareness and knowledge of orthodontics. Br Dent J 1990; 168: 485¬486.
Hideharu Yamaguchi, Kenji Sueishi, Malocclusion associated with abnormal posture, Bull. Tokyo dent.Coll., vol.44, no.2, pp 43-54, May, 2003.
Holmes A. The subjective need and demand for orthodontic treatment. Br J Orthod 1992; 19: 287-297.
Jenny J. A social perspective on need and demand for orthodontic treatment. Int Dent J 1975; 25: 248-256.
Kraus L, Heppekausen K, Orth B. Die Europäische Schülerstudie zu Alkohol und anderen Drogen (ESPAD): Befragung von Schülerinnen und Schülern der 9. und 10. Klasse in Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Thüringen. MÜnchen, Germany: IFT, 2004. Report No.141.
Lin W, Yang HC, Hang CM, Pan WH. Nutrition knowledge, attitude, and behavior of Taiwanese elementary school children. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16:534-546.
Lew KK. Attitudes and perceptions of adults towards orthodontic treatment in an Asian community. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993; 21: 31-35.
Marmot, M. G.; Davey Smith, G.; Stansfield, S.; et al. (1991). “Health Inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study”. Lancet 337 (8754): 1387–1393. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)93068-K. PMID 1674771
Marthaler TM, O’mullane DM, Vrbic V. The prevalence of dental caries in Europe 1990-1995. ORCA Saturday afternoon symposium 1995. Caries Res. 1996;30:237-255.
S. Jay Olshansky, Ph.D., Douglas J. Passaro, M.D., Ronald C. Hershow, M.D., Jennifer Layden, M.P.H., Bruce A. Carnes, Ph.D., Jacob Brody, M.D., Leonard Hayflick, Ph.D., Robert N. Butler, M.D., David B. Allison, Ph.D., and David S. Ludwig, M.D., Ph.D. , The potential decline in life expectancy in the united states in the 21st century, N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1138-1145March 17, 2005.
Petersen PE. Sociobehavioural risk factors in dental caries-international perspectives. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33:274-9.
Profitt WR, Fields HW Jr, Moray LJ. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: Estimates from the NHANES III survey. Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg 1998; 13: 97-106)
Rölling, S. (1982), Orthodontic treatment and socioeconomic status in Danish children aged 11–15 years. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 10: 130–132. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1982.tb01336.x
Sandra Regina Facciolli Hebling, Karine Laura Cortellazzi, Elaine Pereira da Silva Tagliaferro, Eduardo Hebling, Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano, Marcelo de Castro Meneghim, Antonio Carlos Pereira, Relationship between malocclusion and behavioral, demographic and socioeconomic variables: a cross-sectional study of 5-year-olds, J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2008 Fall;33(1):75-9.
Seabra AF, Mendonca DM, Thomis MA. Associations between sport participation, demographic and socio-cultural factors in Portuguese children and adolescents. Eur J Public Health. 2008; 18:25–30.
Shaw WC. Factors influencing the desire for orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod 1981; 3: 151-162.
Singh S.P., Utreja A., Chawla H.S, Distribution of malocclusion types among thumb suckers seeking orthodontic treatment., www.jisppd.com, J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2008;26 Suppl 3:S114-7.
Tayer BH, Burek MJ. A survey of adults’ attitudes toward orthodontic therapy. Am J Orthod 1981; 79: 305-315;
Tulloch JF, Shaw WC, Underhill C, Smith A, Jones G, Jones M. A comparison of attitudes toward orthodontic treatment in British and American communities. Am J Orthod 1984; 85: 253-259.
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Article Title: Correlation between malocclusion – oral habits – and socio-economic factors
Authors: Delia-Elena Daragiu, Doina Lucia Ghergic
Affiliation: “Titu Maiorescu” University, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Abstract: Objectives: The purpose was to investigate the prevalence and the association between socioeconomic factors and the children malocclusions and oral habits. Materials and methods: The population for this study comprised 30 children (17 girls and 13 boys) from Bucharest and rural area near Bucharest. The dental examination was carried out using criteria identifying the presence and type of malocclusion and a face-to-face structured interview conducted with children’s mothers or guardians. Results: Investigating the prevalence of malocclusion we observed that 66.66% (20 patients) were class II, 20% (6 patients) were Class I malocclusion, 13.33% (4 patients) class III malocclusion. From class II malocclusion – class II div. 1 (40%) and class II div.2 (26.66%). Among patients with class II div. 1-75% had oral habits. Most parents were NOT prepared to pay for their children’s orthodontic treatment (60 %).
Conclusions: Class II malocclusion is the most frequent, especially class II div.1. There is a strong relation between malocclusion and oral habits- 75%. From the socioeconomic point of view: low income is frequently associated with malocclusion.
Keywords: malocclusion, oral habits, socio-economic factors
References: Adler NE, Boyce T, Chesney MA, Cohen S, Folkman S, Kahn RL, Syme SL. Socioeconomic status and health: the challenge of the gradient. Am Psychol. 1994;49:15-24.
Bennett ME, Michaels C, O’Brien K, Weyant R, Phillips C, Vig KD. Measuring beliefs about orthodontic treatment: A questionnaire approach. J Pub Health Dent 1997; 57: 215-223.
Bergstrom K, Halling A, Huggare J. Orthodontic treatment demand- differences between urban and rural areas. Community Dent Health 1998; 15: 272-276.
Chaiana Piovesan, José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes, Renata Saraiva Guedes and Thiago Machado Ardenghi) , Impact of socioeconomic and clinical factors on child oral health-related quality of life (COHRQoL), Qual Life Res. 2010 Nov;19(9):1359-66. Epub 2010 Jun 24.
Dugoni AA. Futures demands for dental care. Am J Orthod 1986; 89: 520-521.
Egermark I, Magnusson T, Carlsson GE. A 20-year follow-up of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and malocclusions in subjects with and without orthodontic treatment in childhood. AngleOrthod 2003; 73: 109-115.
Espeland LV, Gronlund G, Stenvik A. Concern for dental appearance among Norwegian young adults in region with low uptake of orthodontic treatment. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993; 21: 151-157
Frohlich KL, Potvin L. Transcending the known in public health practice. The Inequality Paradox: The Population Approach and Vulnerable Populations. Am J Public Health. 2008;98:216-221.
Gratrix D, Holloway P J. Factors of deprivation associated with dental caries in young children. Community Dent Health. 1994;11:66-70.
Gravely JF. A study of need and demand for orthodontic treatment in two contrasting National Health Service regions. Br J Orthod 1990; 17: 287-292.
Hart KH, Bishop JA, Truby H. An investigation into school children’s knowledge and awareness of food and nutrition. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2002;15:129-140.
Hirst L. Awareness and knowledge of orthodontics. Br Dent J 1990; 168: 485¬486.
Hideharu Yamaguchi, Kenji Sueishi, Malocclusion associated with abnormal posture, Bull. Tokyo dent.Coll., vol.44, no.2, pp 43-54, May, 2003.
Holmes A. The subjective need and demand for orthodontic treatment. Br J Orthod 1992; 19: 287-297.
Jenny J. A social perspective on need and demand for orthodontic treatment. Int Dent J 1975; 25: 248-256.
Kraus L, Heppekausen K, Orth B. Die Europäische Schülerstudie zu Alkohol und anderen Drogen (ESPAD): Befragung von Schülerinnen und Schülern der 9. und 10. Klasse in Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Thüringen. MÜnchen, Germany: IFT, 2004. Report No.141.
Lin W, Yang HC, Hang CM, Pan WH. Nutrition knowledge, attitude, and behavior of Taiwanese elementary school children. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16:534-546.
Lew KK. Attitudes and perceptions of adults towards orthodontic treatment in an Asian community. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993; 21: 31-35.
Marmot, M. G.; Davey Smith, G.; Stansfield, S.; et al. (1991). “Health Inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study”. Lancet 337 (8754): 1387–1393. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)93068-K. PMID 1674771
Marthaler TM, O’mullane DM, Vrbic V. The prevalence of dental caries in Europe 1990-1995. ORCA Saturday afternoon symposium 1995. Caries Res. 1996;30:237-255.
S. Jay Olshansky, Ph.D., Douglas J. Passaro, M.D., Ronald C. Hershow, M.D., Jennifer Layden, M.P.H., Bruce A. Carnes, Ph.D., Jacob Brody, M.D., Leonard Hayflick, Ph.D., Robert N. Butler, M.D., David B. Allison, Ph.D., and David S. Ludwig, M.D., Ph.D. , The potential decline in life expectancy in the united states in the 21st century, N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1138-1145March 17, 2005.
Petersen PE. Sociobehavioural risk factors in dental caries-international perspectives. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33:274-9.
Profitt WR, Fields HW Jr, Moray LJ. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: Estimates from the NHANES III survey. Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg 1998; 13: 97-106)
Rölling, S. (1982), Orthodontic treatment and socioeconomic status in Danish children aged 11–15 years. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 10: 130–132. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1982.tb01336.x
Sandra Regina Facciolli Hebling, Karine Laura Cortellazzi, Elaine Pereira da Silva Tagliaferro, Eduardo Hebling, Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano, Marcelo de Castro Meneghim, Antonio Carlos Pereira, Relationship between malocclusion and behavioral, demographic and socioeconomic variables: a cross-sectional study of 5-year-olds, J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2008 Fall;33(1):75-9.
Seabra AF, Mendonca DM, Thomis MA. Associations between sport participation, demographic and socio-cultural factors in Portuguese children and adolescents. Eur J Public Health. 2008; 18:25–30.
Shaw WC. Factors influencing the desire for orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod 1981; 3: 151-162.
Singh S.P., Utreja A., Chawla H.S, Distribution of malocclusion types among thumb suckers seeking orthodontic treatment., www.jisppd.com, J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2008;26 Suppl 3:S114-7.
Tayer BH, Burek MJ. A survey of adults’ attitudes toward orthodontic therapy. Am J Orthod 1981; 79: 305-315;
Tulloch JF, Shaw WC, Underhill C, Smith A, Jones G, Jones M. A comparison of attitudes toward orthodontic treatment in British and American communities. Am J Orthod 1984; 85: 253-259.
*Correspondence: