Exposure of HELA cells to low dose of single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with single strand DNA induces no signifficant toxicity

Exposure of HELA cells to low dose of single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with single strand DNA induces no signifficant toxicity

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Title: Exposure of HELA cells to low dose of single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with single strand DNA induces no signifficant toxicity
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Article_Title: Exposure of HELA cells to low dose of single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with single strand DNA induces no signifficant toxicity
Authors: Teodora Mocan, Cornel Iancu, Ariana Stir, Ştefania Simon, Alexandru Radu Biris, Lucian Mocan, Simona Clichici, Adriana Muresan
Affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2 Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
3 Hydrogen Department, National Institute for Molecular and Isotopic Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Abstract: Introduction. Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT) represents a promising material for the biomedical field. However, reports have appeared that suggest that toxic effects can appear following SWCNT exposure. Aim. Present study aims to evaluate the in vitro effects following exposure to low dose of single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with single strand DNA (SWCNT-ss-DNA) over HeLa cells. Material and Method. Synthesis of the SWCNT (inductive heating method, acetylene, 850oC, Fe:Mo:MgO catalyst), followed by non-covalent binding of single strand DNA(ss-DNA) through sonication. HeLa cell line was exposed to 1mg/L ss-DNA-SWCNT solution with monitoring at 15 min, 24 hrs, 48 hrs. Results. No toxic effects were observed at microscopic evaluation of cell morphology and at quantitative viability evaluation by means of MTT assay.(p>0.05). Conclusions. Limited dose exposure of HeLa cells to SWCNT-ss-DNA induces no cytotoxic effects.
Keywords: carbon nanotubes, DNA, cytotoxicity, low concentration, in vitro
References: Ajima K, Murakami T, Mizoguchi Y, Tsuchida K, Ichihashi T, Iijima S, Yudasaka M, Enhancement of in vivo anticancer effects of cisplatin by incorporation inside single-wall carbon nanohorns, ACS nano, 2, 2057-2064, 2008.
Bharali DJ, Khalil M, Gurbuz M, Simone TM, Mousa SA, Nanoparticles and cancer therapy: A concise review with emphasis on dendrimers, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 4,1, 2009.
Biris A, Biris A, Lupu D, Trigwell S, Dervishi E, Rahman Z, Marginean P, Catalyst excitation by radio frequency for improved carbon nanotubes synthesis, Chemical Physics Letters, 429, 204-208, 2006.
Dhar S, Liu Z, Thomale J, Dai H, Lippard SJ, Targeted single-wall carbon nanotube-mediated Pt (IV) prodrug delivery using folate as a homing device, Journal of American Chemical Society, 130, 11467-11476, 2008.
Dong L, Joseph KL, Witkowski CM, Craig MM, Cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes suspended in various surfactants, Nanotechnology, 19, 255, 2008.
Dumortier H, Lacotte S, Pastorin G, Marega R, Wu W, Bonifazi D, Briand JP, Prato M, Muller S, Bianco A, Functionalized carbon nanotubes are non-cytotoxic and preserve the functionality of primary immune cells, Nano Letters, 6, 1522-1528, 2006.
Feazell RP, Nakayama-Ratchford N, Dai H, Lippard SJ, Soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes as longboat delivery systems for platinum (IV) anticancer drug design, Journal of American Chemical Society, 129,8438-8439, 2007.
Garza KM, Soto KF, Murr LE, Cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species generation from aggregated carbon and carbonaceous nanoparticulate materials, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 3, 83, 2008.
Kang S, Pinault M, Pfefferle LD, Elimelech M, Singlewalled carbon nanotubes exhibit strong antimicrobial activity, Langmuir, 23, 8670-8673, 2007.
Khazaei A, Rad MN, Borazjani MK, Organic functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with some chemotherapeutic agents as a potential method for drug delivery, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 5, 639-645, 2010.
Lindberg HK, Falck GCM, Suhonen S, Vippola M, Vanhala E, Catalán J, Savolainen K, Norppa H, Genotoxicity of nanomaterials: DNA damage and micronuclei induced by carbon nanotubes and graphite nanofibres in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro, Toxicological Letters, 186,166-173, 2009.
Liu Z, Kiessling F, Gätjens J, Advanced nanomaterials in multimodal imaging: design, functionalization, and biomedical applications, Journal of Nanomaterials 2010, 51, 2010
Lupu D, Biris A, Jianu A, Bunescu C, Burkel E, Indrea E, Mihilescu G, Pruneanu S, Olenic L, Mian I, Carbon nanostructures produced by CCVD with induction heating, Carbon, 42, 503-507, 2004.
Manna SK, Sarkar S, Barr J, Wise K, Barrera EV, Jejelowo O, Rice-Ficht AC, Ramesh GT, Singlewalled carbon nanotube induces oxidative stress and activates nuclear transcription factor-κB in human keratinocytes, Nano letters, 5, 1676-1684, 2005.
Murray A, Kisin E, Leonard S, Young S, Kommineni C, Kagan V, Castranova V, Shvedova A, Oxidative stress and inflammatory response in dermal toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Toxicology, 257, 161-171.
Nel A, Xia T, Madler L, Li N, Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel, Science, 311, 622-627, 2006.
Partha R, Conyers JL, Biomedical applications of functionalized fullerene-based nanomaterials, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 4, 261, 2009.
Sato Y, Yokoyama A, Shibata K, Akimoto Y, Ogino S, Nodasaka Y, Kohgo T, Tamura K, Akasaka T, Uo M, Influence of length on cytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes against human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 in vitro and subcutaneous tissue of rats in vivo, Molecular Biological Systems, 1, 176-182, 2005.
Sayes CM, Liang F, Hudson JL, Mendez J, Guo W, Beach JM, Moore VC, Doyle CD, West JL, Billups WE, Ausman KD, Colvin VL, Functionalization density dependence of single-walled carbon nanotubes cytotoxicity in vitro, Toxicological Letters, 161, 135-142, 2006.
Shvedova AA, Kisin ER, Mercer R, Murray AR, Johnson VJ, Potapovich AI, Tyurina YY, Gorelik O, Arepalli S, Schwegler-Berry D, Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice, American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 289, L698, 2005.
Tripisciano C, Kraemer K, Taylor A, Borowiak-Palen E, Single-wall carbon nanotubes based anticancer drug delivery system. Chemical Physics Letters, 478, 200-205, 2009.
Wörle-Knirsch JM, Pulskamp K, Krug HF, Oops they did it again! Carbon nanotubes hoax scientists in viability assays. Nano letters, 6, 1261-1268, 2006.
Yang ST, Wang X, Jia G, Gu Y, Wang T, Nie H, Ge C, Wang H, Liu Y, Long-term accumulation and low toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes in intravenously exposed mice, Toxicological Letters 181, 182-189, 2006
Zhang LW, Zeng L, Barron AR, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Biological interactions of functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes in human epidermal keratinocytes, International Journal of Toxicology, 26, 103, 2007.
Read_full_article: pdf/21-2011/21-3-2011/SU21-3-2011-Mocan.pdf
Correspondence: University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj-Napoca Physiology Department, Clinicilor 1, 40006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Phone: +40-744-345310; Fax +40-264-597257; Email: teodora_mocan@yahoo.com

Read full article
Article Title: Exposure of HELA cells to low dose of single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with single strand DNA induces no signifficant toxicity
Authors: Teodora Mocan, Cornel Iancu, Ariana Stir, Ştefania Simon, Alexandru Radu Biris, Lucian Mocan, Simona Clichici, Adriana Muresan
Affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2 Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
3 Hydrogen Department, National Institute for Molecular and Isotopic Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Abstract: Introduction. Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT) represents a promising material for the biomedical field. However, reports have appeared that suggest that toxic effects can appear following SWCNT exposure. Aim. Present study aims to evaluate the in vitro effects following exposure to low dose of single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with single strand DNA (SWCNT-ss-DNA) over HeLa cells. Material and Method. Synthesis of the SWCNT (inductive heating method, acetylene, 850oC, Fe:Mo:MgO catalyst), followed by non-covalent binding of single strand DNA(ss-DNA) through sonication. HeLa cell line was exposed to 1mg/L ss-DNA-SWCNT solution with monitoring at 15 min, 24 hrs, 48 hrs. Results. No toxic effects were observed at microscopic evaluation of cell morphology and at quantitative viability evaluation by means of MTT assay.(p>0.05). Conclusions. Limited dose exposure of HeLa cells to SWCNT-ss-DNA induces no cytotoxic effects.
Keywords: carbon nanotubes, DNA, cytotoxicity, low concentration, in vitro
References: Ajima K, Murakami T, Mizoguchi Y, Tsuchida K, Ichihashi T, Iijima S, Yudasaka M, Enhancement of in vivo anticancer effects of cisplatin by incorporation inside single-wall carbon nanohorns, ACS nano, 2, 2057-2064, 2008.
Bharali DJ, Khalil M, Gurbuz M, Simone TM, Mousa SA, Nanoparticles and cancer therapy: A concise review with emphasis on dendrimers, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 4,1, 2009.
Biris A, Biris A, Lupu D, Trigwell S, Dervishi E, Rahman Z, Marginean P, Catalyst excitation by radio frequency for improved carbon nanotubes synthesis, Chemical Physics Letters, 429, 204-208, 2006.
Dhar S, Liu Z, Thomale J, Dai H, Lippard SJ, Targeted single-wall carbon nanotube-mediated Pt (IV) prodrug delivery using folate as a homing device, Journal of American Chemical Society, 130, 11467-11476, 2008.
Dong L, Joseph KL, Witkowski CM, Craig MM, Cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes suspended in various surfactants, Nanotechnology, 19, 255, 2008.
Dumortier H, Lacotte S, Pastorin G, Marega R, Wu W, Bonifazi D, Briand JP, Prato M, Muller S, Bianco A, Functionalized carbon nanotubes are non-cytotoxic and preserve the functionality of primary immune cells, Nano Letters, 6, 1522-1528, 2006.
Feazell RP, Nakayama-Ratchford N, Dai H, Lippard SJ, Soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes as longboat delivery systems for platinum (IV) anticancer drug design, Journal of American Chemical Society, 129,8438-8439, 2007.
Garza KM, Soto KF, Murr LE, Cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species generation from aggregated carbon and carbonaceous nanoparticulate materials, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 3, 83, 2008.
Kang S, Pinault M, Pfefferle LD, Elimelech M, Singlewalled carbon nanotubes exhibit strong antimicrobial activity, Langmuir, 23, 8670-8673, 2007.
Khazaei A, Rad MN, Borazjani MK, Organic functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with some chemotherapeutic agents as a potential method for drug delivery, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 5, 639-645, 2010.
Lindberg HK, Falck GCM, Suhonen S, Vippola M, Vanhala E, Catalán J, Savolainen K, Norppa H, Genotoxicity of nanomaterials: DNA damage and micronuclei induced by carbon nanotubes and graphite nanofibres in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro, Toxicological Letters, 186,166-173, 2009.
Liu Z, Kiessling F, Gätjens J, Advanced nanomaterials in multimodal imaging: design, functionalization, and biomedical applications, Journal of Nanomaterials 2010, 51, 2010
Lupu D, Biris A, Jianu A, Bunescu C, Burkel E, Indrea E, Mihilescu G, Pruneanu S, Olenic L, Mian I, Carbon nanostructures produced by CCVD with induction heating, Carbon, 42, 503-507, 2004.
Manna SK, Sarkar S, Barr J, Wise K, Barrera EV, Jejelowo O, Rice-Ficht AC, Ramesh GT, Singlewalled carbon nanotube induces oxidative stress and activates nuclear transcription factor-κB in human keratinocytes, Nano letters, 5, 1676-1684, 2005.
Murray A, Kisin E, Leonard S, Young S, Kommineni C, Kagan V, Castranova V, Shvedova A, Oxidative stress and inflammatory response in dermal toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Toxicology, 257, 161-171.
Nel A, Xia T, Madler L, Li N, Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel, Science, 311, 622-627, 2006.
Partha R, Conyers JL, Biomedical applications of functionalized fullerene-based nanomaterials, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 4, 261, 2009.
Sato Y, Yokoyama A, Shibata K, Akimoto Y, Ogino S, Nodasaka Y, Kohgo T, Tamura K, Akasaka T, Uo M, Influence of length on cytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes against human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 in vitro and subcutaneous tissue of rats in vivo, Molecular Biological Systems, 1, 176-182, 2005.
Sayes CM, Liang F, Hudson JL, Mendez J, Guo W, Beach JM, Moore VC, Doyle CD, West JL, Billups WE, Ausman KD, Colvin VL, Functionalization density dependence of single-walled carbon nanotubes
cytotoxicity in vitro, Toxicological Letters, 161, 135-142, 2006.
Shvedova AA, Kisin ER, Mercer R, Murray AR, Johnson VJ, Potapovich AI, Tyurina YY, Gorelik O, Arepalli S, Schwegler-Berry D, Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice, American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 289, L698, 2005.
Tripisciano C, Kraemer K, Taylor A, Borowiak-Palen E, Single-wall carbon nanotubes based anticancer drug delivery system. Chemical Physics Letters, 478, 200-205, 2009.
Wörle-Knirsch JM, Pulskamp K, Krug HF, Oops they did it again! Carbon nanotubes hoax scientists in viability assays. Nano letters, 6, 1261-1268, 2006.
Yang ST, Wang X, Jia G, Gu Y, Wang T, Nie H, Ge C, Wang H, Liu Y, Long-term accumulation and low toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes in intravenously exposed mice, Toxicological Letters 181, 182-189, 2006
Zhang LW, Zeng L, Barron AR, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Biological interactions of functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes in human epidermal keratinocytes, International Journal of Toxicology, 26, 103, 2007.
*Correspondence: University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj-Napoca Physiology Department, Clinicilor 1, 40006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Phone: +40-744-345310; Fax +40-264-597257; Email: teodora_mocan@yahoo.com